DOUGLAS FAIRBANKS, JR.
Name: Douglas Elton Ulman Fairbanks
Born: 9 December 1909 New York City, New York
Died: 7 May 2000 New York City, New York
Douglas Elton Fairbanks, Jr., KBE, DSC, K.st.j. (December 9, 1909 – May 7, 2000)
was an American actor and a highly decorated naval officer of World War II.
Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. was born in New York City, the son of actor Douglas
Fairbanks and his first wife, Anna Beth Sully. His parents divorced when he was
ten years old. He lived with his mother in California, Paris, and London.
Largely on the basis of his name, he was given a contract at age fourteen with
Paramount Pictures. After making some undistinguished films, he took to the
stage, where he impressed his father, his stepmother Mary Pickford, and Charlie
Chaplin, who encouraged him to continue with acting.
He began his career during the silent era. He was exceptionally handsome and
initially played mainly supporting roles in a range of films featuring many of
the leading female players of the day, Belle Bennett in Stella Dallas (1925),
Esther Ralston in An American Venus (1926)and Pauline Starke in Women Love
Diamonds (1927). In the last years of the silent period he was upped to star
billing opposite Loretta Young in several pre-Code films, and Joan Crawford in
Our Modern Maidens (1929). He supported John Gilbert and Greta Garbo in Woman of
Affairs (1929). Progressing to sound, he played opposite Katharine Hepburn in
her Oscar-winning role in the film Morning Glory (1933).
With Outward Bound (1930), The Dawn Patrol (1930), Little Caesar (1931), and
Gunga Din (1939), his movies began to have more commercial success.
His first notable relationship was with the actress Joan Crawford, whom he began
to seriously date during the filming of their film Our Modern Maidens. On June 3,
1929, at City Hall in New York City, Crawford and Fairbanks married. He was
technically underage, so one year was added to his birth (giving him 1908 as his
year of birth), and Crawford shed three years from her age, which would remain
shed until long after her death, giving her the same year of birth that
Fairbanks had created for himself, 1908.
They went on a delayed honeymoon to England, where he was entertained by Noel
Coward and George, Duke of Kent. He became active in both society and politics,
but Crawford was far more interested in her career and her new affair with Clark
Gable. The couple divorced in 1933.
Despite their divorce, Fairbanks and Crawford maintained a good relationship. In
his later years, Fairbanks was quick to defend Crawford when her adopted
daughter Christina Crawford, published Mommie Dearest, a scathing biography of
Crawford's personal life. He firmly stated, "The Joan Crawford that I've heard
about in Mommie Dearest is not the Joan Crawford I knew back when."
On April 22, 1939, he married Mary Lee Hartford (née Mary Lee Epling), a former
wife of George Huntington Hartford, the Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company heir.
Douglas and Mary Lee were happily married for nearly fifty years, until Mary Lee
died in 1988. They had three daughters, Daphne (married David Weston), Victoria
(married Barend Van Gerbig) and Melissa (married Richard Morant). Douglas and
Mary Lee had eight grandchildren:Anthony, Nicholas, Dominic and Natasha Weston;
Barend and Eliza Isabella O Van Gerbig and Joseph and Crystal Morant. Their
great grandchildren are:Benji, Hugo and Alfie Weston; Georgina and Eliza Weston;
Aislinn and Charlie Weston; Violette Stymmel-Morant.
In 1941, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt appointed him a special envoy to
South America.
Although celebrated as an actor, Fairbanks most enduring legacy was a well-kept
secret for decades. At the onset of World War II, Fairbanks was commissioned a
reserve officer in the United States Navy and assigned to Lord Mountbatten's
Commando staff in England.
Having witnessed (and participated in) British training and cross-channel
harassment operations emphasizing the military art of deception, Fairbanks
attained a depth of understanding and appreciation of military deception then
unheard of in the United States Navy. Lieutenant Fairbanks was subsequently
transferred to Virginia Beach where he came under the command of Admiral H. Kent
Hewitt, who was preparing U.S. Naval forces for the invasion of North Africa.
Fairbanks was able to convince Hewitt of the advantages of such a unit, and
Admiral Hewitt soon took Fairbanks to Washington, D.C. to sell the idea to the
Chief of Naval Operations, ADM Ernest King. Fairbanks succeeded and ADM King
issued a secret letter on 5 March 1943 charging the Vice Chief of Naval
Operations with the recruitment of 180 officers and 300 enlisted men for the
Beach Jumper program.
The Beach Jumpers mission would simulate amphibious landings with a very limited
force. Operating dozens of kilometers from the actual landing beaches and
utilizing their deception equipment, the Beach Jumpers would lure the enemy into
believing that theirs was the location of the amphibious beach landing, when in
fact the actual amphibious landing would be conducted at another location. Even
if the enemy was less than 100-percent convinced of the deception, the
uncertainty created by the operations could conceivably delay enemy
reinforcement of the actual landing area by several crucial hours.
United States Navy Beach Jumpers saw their initial action in Operation Husky,
the invasion of Sicily. Throughout the remainder of the war, the Beach Jumpers
conducted their hazardous, shallow-water operations throughout the Mediterranean.
For his planning the diversion-deception operations and his part in the
amphibious assault on Southern France, Lieutenant Commander Fairbanks was
awarded the United States Navy's Legion of Merit with bronze V (for valor), the
Italian War Cross for Military Valor, the French Legion d'Honneur and the Croix
de Guerre with Palm, and the British Distinguished Service Cross. Fairbanks was
also awarded the Silver Star for valor displayed while serving on PT boats.
He was made an Honorary Knight Commander of the British Empire (KBE) in 1949.
It is not a stretch to say that Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. was the father of the
United States Navy's Information Operations. As for the Beach
Jumpers, they changed names several times in the decades following World War II,
expanded their focus, and are currently known as the Navy Information Operations
Command. Fairbanks stayed in the Naval Reserve after the war and ultimately
retired a captain in 1954.
Many of the Navy's most important information operations since World War II
remain classified, but it is clear that the U.S. military retains its interest
in this art of war.
Fairbanks returned to Hollywood at the conclusion of World War II and enjoyed
success as host of the Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. Theater in the early years of
television.
Fairbanks was a confirmed Anglophile and spent a good deal of his time in
Britain, where he was well known in the highest social circles. Between 1954 and
1956 he also made a number of half-hour movies at one of the smaller Elstree
film studios as part of an anthology series for television called "Douglas
Fairbanks Jr. Presents". The College of Arms in London granted Fairbanks a
coat of arms symbolising the U.S. and Britain united across the blue Atlantic
Ocean by a silken knot of friendship.
It has been claimed that Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. was one of the naked men in the
incriminating photos which were used as evidence in the divorce trial of
Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll in 1963.
He was good friends with legendary English stage and screen actor Sir Laurence
Olivier, and was one of the contributors to a documentary by "The South Bank
Show" called Laurence Olivier: A Life.
He was the celebrated godfather of actor, John Bouvier Slatton, a relationship
that he was proud of and cherished in his later years. Upon Slatton's death in
an airplane accident, several months before his own death, Fairbanks was
distraught with grief.
He died of a heart attack in New York at the age of 90. He is interred in the
Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood, California, in the same crypt as his
father.
Name: Douglas Elton Ulman Fairbanks
Born: 9 December 1909 New York City, New York
Died: 7 May 2000 New York City, New York
Douglas Elton Fairbanks, Jr., KBE, DSC, K.st.j. (December 9, 1909 – May 7, 2000)
was an American actor and a highly decorated naval officer of World War II.
Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. was born in New York City, the son of actor Douglas
Fairbanks and his first wife, Anna Beth Sully. His parents divorced when he was
ten years old. He lived with his mother in California, Paris, and London.
Largely on the basis of his name, he was given a contract at age fourteen with
Paramount Pictures. After making some undistinguished films, he took to the
stage, where he impressed his father, his stepmother Mary Pickford, and Charlie
Chaplin, who encouraged him to continue with acting.
He began his career during the silent era. He was exceptionally handsome and
initially played mainly supporting roles in a range of films featuring many of
the leading female players of the day, Belle Bennett in Stella Dallas (1925),
Esther Ralston in An American Venus (1926)and Pauline Starke in Women Love
Diamonds (1927). In the last years of the silent period he was upped to star
billing opposite Loretta Young in several pre-Code films, and Joan Crawford in
Our Modern Maidens (1929). He supported John Gilbert and Greta Garbo in Woman of
Affairs (1929). Progressing to sound, he played opposite Katharine Hepburn in
her Oscar-winning role in the film Morning Glory (1933).
With Outward Bound (1930), The Dawn Patrol (1930), Little Caesar (1931), and
Gunga Din (1939), his movies began to have more commercial success.
His first notable relationship was with the actress Joan Crawford, whom he began
to seriously date during the filming of their film Our Modern Maidens. On June 3,
1929, at City Hall in New York City, Crawford and Fairbanks married. He was
technically underage, so one year was added to his birth (giving him 1908 as his
year of birth), and Crawford shed three years from her age, which would remain
shed until long after her death, giving her the same year of birth that
Fairbanks had created for himself, 1908.
They went on a delayed honeymoon to England, where he was entertained by Noel
Coward and George, Duke of Kent. He became active in both society and politics,
but Crawford was far more interested in her career and her new affair with Clark
Gable. The couple divorced in 1933.
Despite their divorce, Fairbanks and Crawford maintained a good relationship. In
his later years, Fairbanks was quick to defend Crawford when her adopted
daughter Christina Crawford, published Mommie Dearest, a scathing biography of
Crawford's personal life. He firmly stated, "The Joan Crawford that I've heard
about in Mommie Dearest is not the Joan Crawford I knew back when."
On April 22, 1939, he married Mary Lee Hartford (née Mary Lee Epling), a former
wife of George Huntington Hartford, the Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company heir.
Douglas and Mary Lee were happily married for nearly fifty years, until Mary Lee
died in 1988. They had three daughters, Daphne (married David Weston), Victoria
(married Barend Van Gerbig) and Melissa (married Richard Morant). Douglas and
Mary Lee had eight grandchildren:Anthony, Nicholas, Dominic and Natasha Weston;
Barend and Eliza Isabella O Van Gerbig and Joseph and Crystal Morant. Their
great grandchildren are:Benji, Hugo and Alfie Weston; Georgina and Eliza Weston;
Aislinn and Charlie Weston; Violette Stymmel-Morant.
In 1941, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt appointed him a special envoy to
South America.
Although celebrated as an actor, Fairbanks most enduring legacy was a well-kept
secret for decades. At the onset of World War II, Fairbanks was commissioned a
reserve officer in the United States Navy and assigned to Lord Mountbatten's
Commando staff in England.
Having witnessed (and participated in) British training and cross-channel
harassment operations emphasizing the military art of deception, Fairbanks
attained a depth of understanding and appreciation of military deception then
unheard of in the United States Navy. Lieutenant Fairbanks was subsequently
transferred to Virginia Beach where he came under the command of Admiral H. Kent
Hewitt, who was preparing U.S. Naval forces for the invasion of North Africa.
Fairbanks was able to convince Hewitt of the advantages of such a unit, and
Admiral Hewitt soon took Fairbanks to Washington, D.C. to sell the idea to the
Chief of Naval Operations, ADM Ernest King. Fairbanks succeeded and ADM King
issued a secret letter on 5 March 1943 charging the Vice Chief of Naval
Operations with the recruitment of 180 officers and 300 enlisted men for the
Beach Jumper program.
The Beach Jumpers mission would simulate amphibious landings with a very limited
force. Operating dozens of kilometers from the actual landing beaches and
utilizing their deception equipment, the Beach Jumpers would lure the enemy into
believing that theirs was the location of the amphibious beach landing, when in
fact the actual amphibious landing would be conducted at another location. Even
if the enemy was less than 100-percent convinced of the deception, the
uncertainty created by the operations could conceivably delay enemy
reinforcement of the actual landing area by several crucial hours.
United States Navy Beach Jumpers saw their initial action in Operation Husky,
the invasion of Sicily. Throughout the remainder of the war, the Beach Jumpers
conducted their hazardous, shallow-water operations throughout the Mediterranean.
For his planning the diversion-deception operations and his part in the
amphibious assault on Southern France, Lieutenant Commander Fairbanks was
awarded the United States Navy's Legion of Merit with bronze V (for valor), the
Italian War Cross for Military Valor, the French Legion d'Honneur and the Croix
de Guerre with Palm, and the British Distinguished Service Cross. Fairbanks was
also awarded the Silver Star for valor displayed while serving on PT boats.
He was made an Honorary Knight Commander of the British Empire (KBE) in 1949.
It is not a stretch to say that Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. was the father of the
United States Navy's Information Operations. As for the Beach
Jumpers, they changed names several times in the decades following World War II,
expanded their focus, and are currently known as the Navy Information Operations
Command. Fairbanks stayed in the Naval Reserve after the war and ultimately
retired a captain in 1954.
Many of the Navy's most important information operations since World War II
remain classified, but it is clear that the U.S. military retains its interest
in this art of war.
Fairbanks returned to Hollywood at the conclusion of World War II and enjoyed
success as host of the Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. Theater in the early years of
television.
Fairbanks was a confirmed Anglophile and spent a good deal of his time in
Britain, where he was well known in the highest social circles. Between 1954 and
1956 he also made a number of half-hour movies at one of the smaller Elstree
film studios as part of an anthology series for television called "Douglas
Fairbanks Jr. Presents". The College of Arms in London granted Fairbanks a
coat of arms symbolising the U.S. and Britain united across the blue Atlantic
Ocean by a silken knot of friendship.
It has been claimed that Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. was one of the naked men in the
incriminating photos which were used as evidence in the divorce trial of
Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll in 1963.
He was good friends with legendary English stage and screen actor Sir Laurence
Olivier, and was one of the contributors to a documentary by "The South Bank
Show" called Laurence Olivier: A Life.
He was the celebrated godfather of actor, John Bouvier Slatton, a relationship
that he was proud of and cherished in his later years. Upon Slatton's death in
an airplane accident, several months before his own death, Fairbanks was
distraught with grief.
He died of a heart attack in New York at the age of 90. He is interred in the
Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood, California, in the same crypt as his
father.